In the extended ion heating region: [top] pitch angle of 10 eV ions vs time; [middle left] distribution function of ions, including a high-energy precipitating population and a lower energy, obliquely accelerated population; [middle right] data from the high-sampling rate ion detector (lowest trace) and four of the VLF channels, showing a 25 Hz oscillation in both measurements; [bottom] 10 eV ion traces from the two payloads, showing the temporal onset and spatial exit of this region.